Fungicide And Rooting Hormone
Fig. 3-13 Stem cuttings are made by cutting the stem into one or two node sections. One-half to two-thirds of each leaf is removed A . Cut ends are treated with fungicide and the bottom cut of each stem cutting is treated with a rooting hormone B . Fig. 3-15 Stem cuttings are wrapped with sphagnum moss to prevent root damage. They are placed in a plastic bag to insure a high humidity. Fig. 3-14 One A and two B node cuttings of Nepenthes. Fig. 3-15 Stem cuttings are wrapped with sphagnum moss to...
Cephalotus
Cephalotus follicularis, commonly known as the Australian Pitcher Plant, was first collected by Archibald Menzies, a naturalist with the Vancouver expedition of 1791. In 1792 La Billardiere, a naturalist with a French expedition, encountered the same plant on the Island of Esperance Bay and mainland Australia whereupon he described the plant and named it Cephalotus follicularis. Cephalotus is derived from the Greek word kephalotus meaning headed, referring to the open anthers of the stamen. The...
Miscellaneous 1
The easier species of Heliamphora to grow are H. heterodoxa, H. nutans, and H. minor. The stigma is receptive to pollen for a few days immediately following the opening of the flower, while the anthers produce mature pollen about one week after the stigma has ceased to be receptive. Because of the timing of pollen maturation and stigma receptivity, the pollen from one flower cannot pollinate a pistil in the same flower. Therefore, two or more flowers must be mature at about the same time or the...
Classification Of Carnivorous Plants
Of the one-quarter of a million species of flowering plants about 600 are carnivorous. They are divided into two groups based on corolla structure, Choripetalae and Sympetalae. The group of plants categorized as carnivorous belong to 7 families and 15 genera. Family names can be recognized by their suffix, which is 'aceae This classification is illustrated in Chart 1. Byblis Cephalotaceae Cephalotus Dioncophyllaceae Triphyophyllum Droseraceae Aldrovanda Dionaea Drosera Drosophyllum Nepenthaceae...
DESCRIPTION OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SPECIES Iwy
D. aliciae The wedge-shaped leaves form a compact rosette. Flowers are light purple to pink. Evergreen growth habit. Leaves are 2 in. 5 cm long. Some consider it to be a member of the D. spathulata complex. D. auriculata Form is similar to D. peltata. Both a basal rosette and elongated stem are produced. They can be distinguished by sepal characteristics, D. auriculata has glabrous sepals with black dots while D. peltata has pubescent sepals. D. binata var. binata Erect linear leaves fork to...
Pests Jxg
The only known pests are aphids and fungus. See Chapter 8 for treatment. Feeding See Chapter 7 for feeding instructions. Miscellaneous Unless you obtain the growing plant in a pot, which is next to impossible by mail order, it is best to buy tubers when they are dormant. Before ordering determine when the tubers went into dormancy in order to know how much longer you must provide dormant conditions. The dormant period can be extended in most cases so that you can synchronize the plant's growth...
Species Of The Genus Utricularia In Cultivation
Of the almost 300 species of Utricularia fewer than one-third have been cultivated. To date this large group of very interesting plants has generally been ignored by carnivorous plant enthusiasts. The Utricularia species for which cultural information is available are divided into 4 groups, with plants within each group having similar cultural requirements. They are tropical, temperate, North American, and tuberous groups. It should be noted that the North American group includes all species...
Nepenthes Hybrids
The naming of Nepenthes hybrids is an area of great confusion due to use of incorrect names and synonymy. Identical crosses made by different people and or at different times were often given distinct names. This state of confusion could have been eliminated if there were a clearing house to keep track of hybrids and cultivars. Poor record keeping resulted in misnaming some hybrids. The names listed here are those researched by Ron Fleming, and appeared in the March 1979 issue of the...
Utricularia Longifolia Reproduction
5-6. Winter bud of Pinguicula longifolia with smaller brood bodies in foreground. Leaf of Pinguicula with small plantlets. 6-1. Terrestrial Utricularia plants. The surface leaves are photosynthetic . Rhizoids which bear bladders anchor the plant in the growing medium. Sometimes grow out of the growing medium. Leaf of Pinguicula with small plantlets. 6-1. Terrestrial Utricularia plants. The surface leaves are photosynthetic . Rhizoids which bear bladders anchor the plant in the growing medium....
Old Casings Primary Tuber 1
induces more profuse flowering. It is not known if this response to fire is caused by the temporarily increased soil temperature or higher temperature of the soil for a much longer period of time resulting from the removal of competing plant cover, allowing the sun to shine directly on the soil or to nutrients released to the soil by the burning of surface vegetation. It does not seem likely that soil temperatures would be much affected at the depths that some of the tubers are found. Another...
Description Of Plants
Heliamphora are herbaceous plants consisting of rhizomes from which arise simple, branched or dendroid stems. Both ensiform phyllodia and ascidiform leaves are produced and occur in rosettes in some species. Flowers which may be green, white or pink are borne on scapes that are longer than the leaves. Fig. 3-25 The pitchers are roughly cone-shaped and in some species there is a constriction, of varying degree, which produces a bulging region below it with a flare-out above it, called the bell....
DESCRIPTION OF PLANT Bwe
The growth habit of plants in this group varies from prostrate rosettes to erect. Photo 4-7 Leaf shape ranges from almost round to thread-like. Flowers are various shades of red and white. Photo 4-8 A few species produce tubers. All the species listed in this section survive temperatures that dip to about 40 F 4 C during the winter or the plants' dormant period. Some species produce winter buds, called hibernaculum others simply cease to grow, retaining their leaves during dormancy. The winter...
DESCRIPTION OF PLANT Aja
Members of this genus are extremely diverse, ranging in size from plants a fraction of an inch a few mm high to those that are bushlike and 39 in. 1 m or more high. While most grow as upright plants, some grow along the ground like vines. Most Drosera species are perennials, but a few are annuals. They grow in all climates from tropical to arctic and from wet to dry. Fig. 4-1 The leaves of Drosera plants consist of a leaf blade and either a distinct petiole or one which is continuous with the...
Light 1
Sarracenia thrive in full or direct sunlight. Sarracenia purpurea ssp. purpurea will tolerate full sunlight as long as the soil remains cool. When growing under artificial light start with about 1200 foot candles of illumination and a photoperiod of 12-14 hours during the growing season. They need no light during the dormant season, but will tolerate it. Intensity of illumination is below that of the growing season with a photoperiod of 6-8 hours. Aphids, rhizome borer, larvae and fungus. See...
Asexual Reproduction
1. Leaf cuttings The entire leaf, including the basal portion, is removed. Older, more mature leaves produce the best results. Photo 2-4 The leaf cuttings are placed on damp medium such as sphagnum peat moss or preferably sphagnum moss living or dead and kept in bright light with a photoperiod of about 14 hours and at a temperature of about 80 F 26.7 C . An alternative method is to insert the cuttings into medium for about V2 their length. A convenient method of providing an ideal environment...
Species Of The Genus Aldrovanda
Aldrovanda vesiculosa CULTURAL INFORMATION Planting Media The plants require an acid water pH 6-6.9. Place at least 2 inches of garden, swamp or woodland soil or sphagnum peat moss in the bottom of the container which must be deep enough to provide the plant with a water depth of 6-12 in. 15-30 cm . II sphagnum peat moss is used, the moss will float for about a week until it becomes thoroughly wet and settles to the bottom of the container. Strain the floating debris from the surface after the...
Preface
Carnivorous plants are enjoying unprecedented popularity today. Their popularity stems from the realization that they are relatively easy to grow combined with the mystique that surrounds man-eating plants. Carnivorous plants are immortalized in Saturday morning cartoons, comic books, the late, late shows and monster movies. The fact that carnivorous plants have the ability to lure, capture, and digest organic matter from the animal world has fascinated people for generations. Carnivorous...
DESCRIPTION OF PLANT Xqe
Rootless, herbaceous perennials or annuals having 2 kinds of leaves that arise from the slender rhizome. The linear or oblong foliage leaves which grow upward can exceed 2.5 in. 6 cm in length. The second type of leaf, the trap leaves, are 1-6 in. 2.5-15 cm in length. Scapes which can reach lengths of 16 in. 41 cm bear several flowers which may be shades of blue, purple, violet, white or yellow. The flowers are very similar to those of Utricularia in structure, which have a 2-parted calyx...
CULTURAL INFORMATION Kyk
Should be acid with a pH between 4 and 6.5. Terrestrial species Sphagnum moss living or dried, long fiber Or milled, sphagnum peat moss, various mixtures of peat moss with sand or vermiculite or perlite. Living sphagnum moss should not be used with the smaller species as it will quickly overgrow the plants. Aquatic species Grow them in any container such as gallon jars, mayonnaise bottles, aquariums, terrariums, plastic washtubs, or outdoors in pools, natural or artificial. If grown in...
DESCRIPTION OF PLANT Pnv
Most of Utricularia spp. have long stems or stolons with varying degrees ol branching. Some species exceed lengths of 10 ft. 3 m . These thread-like, rootless plants have leaves that vary in size from insignificant to over 10 in. 25 cm long. There is great variety in leaf sizes and shapes within the genus. There is a species, U. pubesccn which has mucilage on the upper surfaces of its leaves. It is not yet known whether prev captured by the mucilage is digested. Perhaps this plant has developed...
Development Of Carnivory
Plants and animals have evolved to fill all available habitats and ecological niches. Plants inhabit every possible environment including water, air, soil wet and or dry , other plants and also animals. Green plants contain the organic pigment chlorophyll. When provided with light, carbon dioxide, water, and essential minerals they produce carbohydrates through a chemical process called photosynthesis mediated by the pigment chlorophyll. The light energy is converted into the chemical bond...
Species Of The Genus Nepenthes
Contrary to common belief, Nepenthes are not all jungle plants and shade-loving, but usually seek open, sunnier areas. While most grow in an area designated as tropical, many species grow at high elevations where temperatures are lower. For cultural purposes Nepenthes can be divided into two groups. The highland types, which account for about two-thirds of the species, grow at elevations greater than 3281 ft. 1000 m where temperatures range from 50-70 F. 10-21 C. . The remaining third of the...
DESCRIPTION OF PLANT Glf
This group of Drosera includes the smallest sundews found anywhere in the world, 0.4 in. 1 cm in diameter with leaves one half this dimension and is characterized by gemmae formation during the fall and or winter. Gemmae are small, greenish structures formed in the crown area of the rosette of leaves. Gemma is species specific. For example, D. paleacea has spherically-shaped gemmae, while D. pulchella has flat, discshaped gemmae. Photo 4-1 Gemmae size varies from 0.04 to 0.2 in. 1-5 mm . Fig....
DESCRIPTION OF PLANT Bxv
Aldrovanda is a monotypic genus in the Droseraceae. The plant consists of a rootless stem whose length can exceed 8 in. 20 cm , and which tends to branch profusely, terminating in a spherical shoot tip with an abundance of protruding bristles. Photo 6-8 Along the main stem and branches are numerous whorls of leaves arranged like the spokes on a wheel. Each whorl usually consists of 8 leaves about 0.5 in. 1.3 cm long. Each leaf terminates in a trap which is usually flanked by 6 long bristles...
Sarracenia
Native Americans were probably familiar with Sarracenia or Pitcher Plants for a considerable length of time before European explorers discovered them sometime during the early 1500s. The earliest known illustration of Sarracenia was published in 1576 in De L'Obel's, Nova Stirpium Adversaria. The Canadian physician, Dr. M. S. Sarrazin, sent plants, presumably Sarracenia purpurea, to a Mr. Tournefort in Europe. Tournefort's description of the plants became the basis of the genus which was named...
Nepenthes
E. de Flacourt, the Governor of Madagascar when it was under French rule during the mid-17th century, was the first to write about these tropical pitcher plants, of which there are more than 70 species. In 1689 J. P. Breyne described the plants and was the first to use the name Nepenthes. Digestion in Nepenthes was reported by J. D. Hooker to the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1874. In 1875 L. Tate discovered the presence of a digestive enzyme in Nepenthes secretions....
Trapping Mechanisms
The trapping mechanisms of carnivorous plants can be categorized as either active or passive with subdivisions in each group. An active trap is one in which rapid movement is an integral part of the trapping mechanism. There are two kinds of traps in this category, active steel trap and active mousetrap suction type. Active steel type trap Found in Dionaea and Aldrovanda. The trap consists of two lobes, which are rectangularly shaped, joined at the midrib and normally open. When stimulated the...
Dormancy Gmo
Most pygmy Drosera go dormant in their native habitat during the dry, hot summer, but apparently this is not a requirement for successful growth as we and many other growers have grown them the year around with no apparent problems. To mimic nature, the soil should be almost dry during the dormant, summer season. In nature the roots extend down to a considerable depth, so that while the surface soil is dry, the root ends are in damp soil. Therefore, the lower layer of soil should be at least...